1998-99 Seasons
Systematic Survey in the Karasu Valley

 
Karasu River Valley survey zone delimited by the pink, possible ancient bay delimited by the green zone, Karasu river 
indicated in blue. The Demirci Valley is highlighted in yellow.
 
 
The 1998-99 seasons investigated the Karasu River Valley, employing a methodology similar to that of the 1997 Demirci Valley survey (see 1997 Survey). The team incorporated several important innovations in the Karasu valley field strategy. The team examined over two hundred fields, called tracts, by walking in parallel lines 10 m apart.  Each field-walker collected 100% of the pottery in his or her transect, a 1 m path across a tract.  After finishing our transects, we counted, weighed and photographed all of the archaeological evidence we found. 
 
 
Field-walkers collect pottery in 
Nohutluk, Karasu valley
Sorting the collected pottery in 
Osmaniye, Karasu valley
 

Thanks to grants from Tufts University and the Donaldson Foundation, the Survey purchased a high resolution digital camera that helped us record more comprehensive information on ceramics and other field observations while we reduced collection of materials by 90%. The archaeological record can be left more or less intact by this improved data collection system. 
 
 
Pottery from transect # 5 of tract 
T98-96, Karasu valley
Alex G. taking notes on one of the tracts in 
the Karasu valley.
 

 
 

All told, we found over fifty sites spanning over five thousand years in the Karasu valley.  Archaeological field survey was combined with studies of the Ottoman documentary record of the area and a program of geomorphological survey and coring to produce a comprehensive picture of the effects that modern land use has had on the valley and its archaeological record. Please go to the linked pages of these projects for further information.

 
 
 
Robbed tumulus at Tatarmezarligi, 
west of Akliman beach
Akliman harbor, site of ancient Harmene.
 
 

During the course of investigations in 1997, the survey team documented three tumuli overlooking the mouth of the valley, including one that had been robbed out recently by clandestine looters. Further investigation showed that there were over a dozen tumuli in this cemetery, nearly all of which have been disturbed by looters.  The presence of tumuli in this prominent location may indicate an important settlement nearby along the ancient shore.  Ancient authors like Xenophon mention a small town named Harmene just West of Sinope, probably the town to which this cemetery belonged..

 

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